３．How culture shapes voices

【Presenter】

Tanya M. Luhrmann
Standford University, USA

Tanya Marie Luhrmann is the Albert Ray Lang Professor of Anthropology at Standford University, with a courtesy appointment in Psychology. Her work focuses on the edge of experience: on voices, visions, the world of the supernatural and the world of psychosis.

She has done ethnography on the streets of Chicago with homeless and psychotic women, and worked with people who hear voices in Chennai, Accra and the South Bay.

She has also done fieldwork with evangelical Christians who seek to hear God speak back, with Zoroastrians who set out to create a more mystical faith, and with people who practice magic.

She uses a combination of ethnographic and experimental methods to understand the phenomenology of unusual sensory experiences, the way they are shaped by ideas about minds and persons, and what we can learn from this social shaping that can help us to help those whose voices are distressing.

At the heart of the work is the sense of being called, and its possibilities and burden.
She was named to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003, received a John Guggenheim Fellowship award in 2007 and elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2022.

When God Talks Back was named a NYT Notable Book of the Year and a Kirkus Reviews Best Book of the Year.

【Chair】

Junko Kitanaka
Keio University

【Abstract】

They are strange experiences - a voice whispered on the wind, a god who speaks from on high - but far more common than we think. At the beginning of most great religions lies a voice. Who hears such voices?

I have spoken to hundreds of people, in many countries, who have heard voices, some only once, some more often.

Most of these people are not psychiatrically ill.
Some are. In this talk I will discuss what we know about the difference between mad voices and sane voices, and what traits and practices and cultural ideas make sane voices more likely.

I will also talk about the evidence that the way we think about voices changes our experience of them - and may soften the impact of psychosis.

In the process I will discuss the cultural differences between the voices heard by persons with schizophrenia in the US (San Mateo, San Francisco); India (Chennai); Ghana (Accra, Cape Coast); Russia (Khazan); China (Shanghai); and Thailand (Chiang Mai).